Predictors of AttentionDeficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Systematic Literature Review

الملخص

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neuro development disorder that has a wide heterogeneity in the process of development with some remission and progression till adolescence and adulthood. Establishing predictors of such trajectories is essential to early risk stratification, prognosis and specific interventions. The present study is a systematic literature review that uses evidence of 22 longitudinal, cohort-based, and population studies that have investigated predictors of persistence of ADHD as well as its remittance and late presentations in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Quantitative and qualitative methods were combined in order to integrate neurocognitive, behavioral, psycho-social and environmental factors. This review highlights major gaps and offers the future directions of longitudinal studies, which include the necessity of harmonized diagnostic systems, repeated neurocognitive evaluation and more emphasis on functional outcomes to guide clinical practice and intervention interventions. Overall, the findings support a dimensional, lifespan-oriented conceptualization of ADHD and highlight key methodological strengths and limitations within the current literature. This review identifies critical gaps and provides directions for future longitudinal research, emphasizing the need for harmonized diagnostic frameworks, repeated neurocognitive assessment, and a greater focus on functional outcomes to inform clinical practice and intervention strategies.